The chance is either for or against the event; the probability is always for it. The chances are expressed by the fraction of this probability, the denominator being the total number of events possible, and the numerator the number of events favourable. For instance: The probability of throwing an ace with one cast of a single die is expressed by the fraction ⅙; because six different numbers may be thrown, and they are all equally probable, but only one of them would be an ace. Odds are found by deducting the favourable events from the total, or the numerator from the denominator. In the example, the odds against throwing an ace are therefore 5 to 1. The greater the odds against any event the more _=improbable=_ it is said to be, and the more _=hazardous=_ it is to risk anything upon it. When an event happens which is very improbable, the person to whom it happens is considered _=lucky=_, and the greater the improbability, the greater his luck. If two men play a game, the winner is not considered particularly lucky; but if one wanted only two points to go out and the other wanted a hundred, the latter would be a very lucky man if he won. It is a remarkable fact that luck is the only subject in the world on which we have no recognised authority, although it is a topic of the most universal interest. Strictly speaking, to be lucky simply means to be successful, the word being a derivative of _gelingen_, to succeed.
[Music] --Epworth (C. C. Bell). I. Oh, a-hunting we will go, a-hunting we will go; We ll catch a little fox and put him in a box, And never let him go. --Bath (Miss Large). II. Hunting we will go, brave boys, Hunting we will go; We ll catch an old fox And put him in a box, For a-hunting we will go. Halt! shoulder arms! fire! --Horncastle, North Kelsey, Lincoln (Miss Peacock). III.
Blind Nerry-Mopsey The Whitby name for Blind Man s Buff. --Robinson s _Glossary_. Blind Palmie or Pawmie One of the names given to the game of Blindman s Buff. --Jamieson. Blind Sim Suffolk name for Blind Man s Buff. --Forby s _Vocabulary of East Anglia_. Block, Haimmer (Hammer), and Nail This is a boys game, and requires seven players. One boy, the Block, goes down on all fours; another, the Nail, does the same behind the Block, with his head close to his _a posteriori_ part. A third boy, the Hammer, lies down on his back behind the two. Of the remaining four boys one stations himself at each leg and one at each arm of the Hammer, and he is thus lifted.
--Belfast (W. H. Patterson). II. Green gravel, green gravel, the grass is so green, The fairest young lady that ever was seen; I ll wash you in milk, And I ll clothe you with silk, And I ll write down your name with a gold pen and ink. O Sally, O Sally, your true love is dead, He sent you a letter to turn round your head. --Berrington, Oswestry (_Shropshire Folk-lore_ p. 510). III. Around the green gravel the grass is so green, All the pretty fair maids are plain to be seen; Wash them in milk, and clothe them in silk, Write their names down with a gold pen and ink.
His adversary then draws the next card, so that each restores the number of cards in his hand to nine. This method of playing, announcing, and drawing is continued until the stock is exhausted. If a player who has already announced carte blanche finds that the first card he draws from the stock is not a King, Queen or Jack, he shows it to his adversary, and scores another fifty points for another carte blanche. This may be continued until he draws one of those cards. Carte blanche cannot be scored at all unless held before a card is played; that is, it must be dealt to the player originally. All combinations announced and scored must be left face upward on the table, but the cards still form part of the player’s hand, and may be led or played at any time, although they must not again be taken in hand until the stock is exhausted. The first marriage announced and scored, no matter by which player, makes the _=trump suit=_ for that deal; but a player with a marriage on the table is not obliged to announce it if he does not wish to make that suit the trump. _=Irregularities in Play.=_ If a player leads out of turn, and his adversary plays to the lead, whether intentionally or otherwise, the trick stands good. If the adversary calls attention to the error, the card led out of turn may be taken back without penalty.
Teoria e Practica del Giuoco degli Schacchi. British Chess Magazine. Chess Player’s Chronicle. Chess Monthly. _Westminster Papers_, 1868 to 1879. Of these works, “Minor Tactics” will be found most useful to the beginner, as it simplifies the openings by grouping them, and concentrates the attention on the essential points of chess strategy. CODE OF CHESS LAWS. ADOPTED BY THE FIFTH AMERICAN CHESS CONGRESS. _=Definitions of Terms Used.=_ Whenever the word “_Umpire_” is used herein, it stands for any Committee having charge of Matches or Tournaments, with power to determine questions of chess-law and rules; or for any duly appointed Referee, or Umpire; for the bystanders, when properly appealed to; or for any person, present or absent, to whom may be referred any disputed questions; or for any other authority whomsoever having power to determine such questions.
POPE JOAN. This game is a combination of the layout in Matrimony, and the manner of playing in Commit. There are a great many ways of dividing the layout, but the following is the simplest. Five cards are taken from an old pack, and are laid out in the centre of the table, or their names are written on a sheet of paper. [Illustration: 🂾 🂭 🃇 🃊 🃛 ] The cards are thrown round for the deal, and the first Jack deals. The cards are distributed one at a time, the full pack of fifty-two cards being used. The following table will show the number of cards to be given to each player, and that left in the stock to form stops. 3 Players, 15 cards each 7 in the stock. 4 ” 12 ” 4 ” 5 ” 9 ” 7 ” 6 ” 8 ” 4 ” 7 ” 7 ” 3 ” 8 ” 6 ” 4 ” Before the deal, the dealer must dress the layout, by putting one counter upon the Ten, two upon the Jack, three upon the Queen, four upon the King, and five on the Pope, which is the Seven (or the Nine) of diamonds. The eldest hand begins by leading any card he pleases, and if he has those in sequence and suit with it and above it, he continues to play until he fails.
_=Leading Out of Turn.=_ If either of the dealer’s adversaries lead out of turn, the dealer may either call the card exposed, or may call a suit when it is the turn of either adversary to lead. If the dealer leads out of turn, there is no penalty, but he cannot correct the error if the second hand has played. _=Cards Played in Error.=_ If any player but the Dummy omits to play to a trick and does not correct the error until he has played to the next trick, his adversaries may claim a new deal. If any one, excepting Dummy, plays two cards to a trick and does not discover it, he is responsible for any revokes that he may make in consequence of not having the card in his hand. _=OBJECT OF THE GAME.=_ As in all members of the whist family, the object in Bridge is to win tricks, the highest card played of the suit led winning, and trumps, if any, winning against all other suits. At the end of each hand the side that has won any tricks in excess of the book, scores them, after multiplying their number by the unit of value settled upon by the doubling, if any took place. As soon as either side reaches or passes 30, they win the game; but the hand must be played out, and all tricks taken must be counted.
-+---+-.-+---+-.-+---+ | . | | . | | . | | . | | +-.-+---+-.-+---+-.-+---+-.
12. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | 5 | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | ⛀ | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | 1 | | ⛀ | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | ⛀ | | ⛀ | | 4 | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | | | | ⛀ | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | ⛀ | | | | | | ⛃ | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | 3 | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ ] _=DEVIL AMONG THE TAILORS.=_ This is hardly a variation of the game of Draughts, although it is played on a checker board. Four white men, the tailors, are placed upon 29 30 31 and 32; and one black man, the devil, on 1. The men can move only one square at a time, diagonally; the white men forward only, the black man forward or backward. There is no jumping or capturing, and the object of the tailors is to pin the devil in, so that he cannot move. If the black man can reach the free country behind the white men, he wins the game. The game is a certainty for the white men if properly played. At the end of four moves they should be lined up on squares 25, 26, 27, 28 and whichever end the devil attacks, the tailors should move in from the other end. There are two critical positions.
And if this young prince chance to die, Ye shall get another; The bells will ring, and the birds will sing, And we ll clap hands together. --Chamber s _Popular Rhymes_, pp. 137-38. II. A-diss, a-diss, a-green grass, A-diss, a-diss, a-dass; Come, my pretty fair maid, And walk along with us. For you shall have a dik-ma-day, You shall have a dr[=a]gon; You shall have a nice young man With princes for his th[=e]gan (or s[=e]gan). --Lanarkshire (W. G. Black). III.