(_b_) In Gomme s _Village Community_, pp. 241-44, the position of football games as elements in the traditions of race is discussed, and their relationship to a still earlier form of tribal games, where the element of clan feuds is more decidedly preserved, is pointed out. Forfeits Forfeits are incurred in those games in which penalties are exacted from players for non-compliance with the rules of the game; Buff, Contrary, Crosspurposes, Fire, Air, and Water, Follow my Gable, Genteel Lady, Jack s Alive, Old Soldier, Twelve Days of Christmas, Turn the Trencher, Wadds, and others. These games are described under their several titles, and the formula for forfeits is always the same. Small articles belonging to the players must be given by them every time a forfeit is incurred, and these must be redeemed at the close of the game. They are cried in the following manner:--One of the players sits on a chair having the forfeits in her lap. A child kneels on the ground and buries his face in his hands on the lap of the person who holds the forfeits. The crier then takes up indiscriminately one of the forfeits, and holding it up in the sight of all those who have been playing the games (without the kneeling child seeing it), says-- Here s a very pretty thing and a very pretty thing, And what shall be done to [_or_, by] the owner of this very pretty thing? The kneeling child then says what the penance is to be. The owner of the forfeit must then perform the penance before the other players, and then another forfeit is cried. The more general penances imposed upon the owners of the forfeits are as follows, but the list could be very much extended:-- Bite an inch off the poker.
The 7 red counters lost by A and Y being divided, shows a loss of 35 white counters for each of them. If three players take four tricks apiece, they each pay the fourth man a red counter. _=WINNING THE POOL.=_ Besides the white counters won and lost by the players individually, the successful caller takes the pool, provided he has made a bid of seven tricks or better, which is called _=a pool bid=_. Any lower bid does not entitle him to the pool, unless the other players compel him to play the hand out. In order to save the pool, it is usual for the adversaries, before playing to the second trick, to say: “_=I pay.=_” If all agree to pay, the bidder must accept the amount of his bid without any over-tricks, and the pool is not touched. If a player has made a pool bid, and the adversaries, before playing to the second trick, agree to pay, they cannot prevent the caller from taking the pool; but they save possible over-tricks. The agreement of the adversaries to pay must be unanimous. Misère Partout does not touch the pool.
| -- | | 20.|You shall have a |You shall have a |She shall have a | | |drake. |drake. |drake. | | 21.| -- | -- | -- | | 22.| -- | -- | -- | | 23.| -- | -- | -- | |[8.]| -- | -- | -- | | 24.|You shall have a nice |You shall have a young|She shall have a nice | | |young man.
” Allgaier Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Boden-Kieseritzky Gambit:-- P-K4 B-B4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP KtxKt Berlin Defence:-- P-K4 B-B4 Q-K2 P-QB3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Blackmar Gambit:-- P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB3 KtxP 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ----- P-Q4 PxP PxP B-B4 Calabrese Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 B-B4 P-Q3 P-B4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ---- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 Centre Gambit:-- P-K4 P-Q4 QxP Q-K3 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 -------- P-K4 PxP Kt-QB3 B-Kt5 ch Centre Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 PxP Kt-QB3 P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ------ P-Q4 QxP Q-Q sq Kt-KB3 Classical Defence, to K. B. opening:-- P-K4 B-B4 P-QB3 P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ------ 4 ---- P-K4 B-B4 Kt-KB3 PxP Cunningham Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ------- P-K4 PxP B-K2 B-R5 ch Cochrane Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Danish Gambit:-- P-K4 P-Q4 P-QB3 B-QB4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 PxP PxP Kt-KB3 English Opening:-- P-QB4 P-B4 P-Q3 Kt-QB3 1 ----- 2 ---- 3 ------ 4 ------ P-QB4 P-B4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 Evans’ Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-QKt4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ---- 4 ------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 BxKtP Evans’ Gambit Declined:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-QKt4 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ---- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 B-Kt3 Fianchetto Opening:-- P-K3 P-QB4 Kt-QB3 PxP 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 KtxP Fianchetto Defence:-- P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 Kt-K2 1 ------ 2 ---- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-QKt3 P-K3 B-Kt2 Kt-KB3 Four Knights:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 French Defence:-- P-K4 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 B-KKt5 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ------ 4 ------ P-K3 P-Q4 Kt-KB3 B-K2 From Gambit:-- P-KB4 PxP PxP Kt-KB3 1 ----- 2 ----- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 P-Q3 BxP Kt-KB3 Giuoco Piano:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-B3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ---- 4 ----- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Greco-Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ------ P-K4 P-KB4 Q-B3 P-Q3 Hamppe-Allgaier Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP P-KKt4 Hungarian Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ---- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-K2 P-Q3 Irregular Openings:-- P-K4 P-QB3 Kt-B3 KtxP 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 P-Q4 PxP B-Q3 P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-QB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q3 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-K4 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP B-Q3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-QB3 P-Q4 PxP Kt-QB3 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP P-KB4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- Kt-QB3 P-K4 KtxP Kt-Kt3 Jerome Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 BxP ch 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 KxB Kieseritzky Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 King’s Bishop’s Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 B-B4 K-B sq 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP Q-R5 ch B-B4 King’s Bishop’s Pawn Game:-- P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-K3 B-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 P-QKt3 King’s Knight Opening. Irregular Defences:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP Kt-KB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-KB3 Q-K2 P-Q4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Q-B3 P-B3 PxP P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 B-Q3 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 B-B4 Q-K2 B-Kt3 King’s Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 P-Q4 K-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP Q-R5 ch P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB4 P-KR4 PxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-Q4 QxP P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 B-Kt2 P-K4 P-KB4 P-KR4 Kt-KB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP B-K2 Kt-KB3 King’s Gambit Declined:-- P-K4 P-KB4 PxQP Kt-QB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-Q4 QxP Q-K3 Max Lange’s Attack:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 Castles 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Muzio Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Petroff’s Counter Attack:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP K-KB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 KtxP Philidor’s Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 KtxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-Q3 PxP P-Q4 Pierce Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP P-KKt4 Queen’s Pawn Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 PxP P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-K5 Queen’s Gambit:-- P-Q4 P-QB4 P-K3 BxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 PxP P-K4 PxP P-Q4 P-QB4 P-K4 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 PxP P-K4 P-KB4 P-Q4 P-QB4 Kt-KB3 P-K3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 PxP P-K3 Kt-KB3 Queen’s Pawn Game:-- P-Q4 P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 Ruy Lopez:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 B-R4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-QR3 Kt-B3 Salvio Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Scotch Game:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 KtxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP B-B4 Sicilian Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-QB4 Kt-QB3 P-K3 PxP Staunton’s Opening:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 P-Q3 Steinitz Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-KB4 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP Q-R5 ch Three Knights’ Game:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 PxP Two Knights’ Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 Kt-Kt5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 Vienna Opening:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 B-B4 P-Q3 Kt-KB3 Zukertort’s Opening:-- Kt-KB3 P-Q4 P-K3 B-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K3 Kt-KB3 P-QKt3 B-Kt2 _=GAMES AT ODDS.=_ Between unequal players it is a common practice for the stronger to give the weaker some advantage. Very few are able to give a Queen, or even a Rook, but a _=Knight=_ is quite common, and one who can concede a Knight to the weakest players in a club is usually spoken of as, “a Knight player.” The most common odds between nearly equal players is _=Pawn and Move=_; and with a player not strong enough to give a Knight, _=Pawn and Two Moves=_. The Pawn removed in each instance is Black’s K B P, and the Knight is usually the Q Kt. Here are a few examples of the openings in games at odds:-- Pawn and Move:-- P-K4 P-Q4 Q-R5 ch Q-K5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K3 P-Q4 P-KKt3 Kt-KB3 P-K4 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-Q3 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 Kt-K4 P-K4 P-Q4 P-K5 B-QKt5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- Kt-QB3 P-Q4 B-B4 Q-Q2 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP P-KB4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- Kt-QB3 P-Q4 KtxP Kt-B2 Pawn and Two Moves:-- P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K3 P-B4 P-Q3 P-K4 P-Q4 P-QB4 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K3 P-B4 P-Q3 P-K4 P-Q4 P-KB4 B-Q3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-Q3 P-K3 Kt-K2 P-K4 P-Q4 P-Q5 P-KB4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- Kt-QB3 Kt-K4 Kt-B2 Odds of Queen’s Knight:-- P-K4 Kt-B3 PxP Kt-K5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 P-Q4 P-K5 QxP P-K4 P-KB4 PxQP Kt-B3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 P-Q4 QxP P-K5 Odds of King’s Knight:-- P-K4 B-B4 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 P-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 P-K4 B-B2 P-Q2 0-0 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 0-0 In order to give the student an idea of the value and popularity of the various openings, the following table of the results of 1500 games may be useful. It is from the chess columns of the New York _Sun_:-- ---------------------+----------------+--------+---------+--------- | FIRST | TOTAL |PER CENT.
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But if any player is unable to follow suit, he is not allowed to discard, but must immediately gather up the cards already played, and take them into his own hand with the cards originally dealt to him. The players following the one who renounces to the suit led do not play to the trick at all; but wait for him to lead for the next trick. Should any player fail to follow suit on the next trick, or on any subsequent trick, he gathers the cards already played, takes them into his hand and leads for the next trick. The play is continued in this manner until some player gets rid of all his cards, and so wins the game. Enflé is usually played for a pool, to which each player contributes an equal amount before play begins. The game requires considerable skill and memory to play it well, it being very important to remember the cards taken in hand by certain players, and those which are in the tricks turned down. THE LAWS OF HEARTS. 1. Formation of table. Those first in the room have the preference.
5 for _=Left Pedro=_, or Five of the same colour as the trump suit. All points count to the side winning them. Any trumps found among the discards at the end of the hand count for the side that made the trump. At the end of the hand, the number of points won by each side is added up, and the lower deducted from the higher, the difference being scored by the winners of the majority. If the result is a tie, neither scores. For instance: If A-B make 11, Y-Z must make the remaining 3, which deducted from 11 leaves 8 points for A-B to score. If the side naming the trump suit fails to make as many points as they bid, they score nothing for that deal, and the number bid is scored by the adversaries, in addition to any other points that the adversaries may have made in play. The number bid and the number actually won, must be compared before deducting the points made by the adversaries. The side first making fifty-one points wins the game. * * * * * _=Text Books.
Holmfirth { Settle Rev. W. S. Sykes. Sharleston Miss Fowler, Rev. G. T. Royds. Sheffield Mr. S.
_=Prizes.=_ It is usual to give two prizes for each table in play; one for the highest number of points won during the evening, and one for the smallest number; the latter being usually called the “booby” prize. _=Suggestions for Good Play.=_ It is very risky to bid seven without the Joker, the odds being 11 to 1 against finding it in the widow. A bid of ten should not be made without both Joker and Right Bower, and all the other cards winners and trumps. To bid twenty, a player should have a practically invincible hand, with at least five winning leads of trumps. The first bidders are always at a disadvantage, because they know nothing of the contents of the other hands; but after one or two players have made a bid, those following them can judge pretty well how the cards lie. For instance: The seven players are _=A=_ _=B=_ _=C=_ _=D=_ _=E=_ _=F=_ _=G=_. _=A=_ deals, and _=B=_ bids 2 in hearts. _=C=_ and _=D=_ pass.