If the King and Ten have been led from K Q J 10, and on the second round one adversary has dropped the Eight, the other the Nine; the suit should be changed, as partner must have the Ace, and neither of the adversaries have any more. To lead such a suit again is called _=forcing both adversaries=_; as it allows one to make a small trump and the other to get rid of a losing card. If the Four has been led from J 8 6 4, and the adversaries have won the first trick with the Nine or Ten, A K Q must be against the leader and his partner, and the suit should be abandoned as hopeless, unless it is feasible to force the partner. If at any time there is a strong indication that the adversaries will have a cross-ruff, it is usually best to stop leading plain suits, and attempt to get out the trumps. _=THE LEADER’S PARTNER=_, or the Third Hand, has several conventional plays to remember; the most important of which are the following: _=When Partner Leads High Cards=_, the Third Hand has usually little to do but to play his lowest of the suit. The exceptions are: If he holds A J alone, on a King led, the Ace should be played. If he holds A Q alone on a Ten led, the Ace should be played. With A Q x, the Ten should be passed. With Ace and small cards, the Ace should be played on the Ten. With Queen and small cards the Ten should be passed.
Bath seems to have been the great rallying-point for the whist-players of the last century; but the passion for the game soon spread all over Europe. In 1767 Benjamin Franklin went to Paris, and it is generally believed that he introduced the American variety of the game known as Boston, which became the rage in Paris some time after the war of independence. So popular did whist become in Italy that we find the boxes at the opera in Florence provided with card tables in 1790. The music of the opera was considered of value chiefly as, “increasing the joy of good fortune, and soothing the affliction of bad.” A code of laws was drawn up about 1760 by the frequenters of White’s and Saunders’ in London. These seem to have remained the standard until “Cælebs” published, in 1851, the code in use at the Portland Club. In 1863 John Loraine Baldwin got together a committee at the Arlington, now the Turf Club, and they drew up the code which is still in use all over the world for English whist. In the United States, laws better suited to the American style of play were drawn up by the American Whist League in 1891, and after several revisions were finally adopted, in 1893, as the official code for League clubs. The literature of whist saw its palmiest days at the beginning of this century. 7,000 copies of Bob Short’s “Short Rules for Whist” were sold in less than a year.
Jack. Disagreeable young man. _=R.=_ He will do you an injury or injustice of some kind. Ten. Prison. Nine. Vexatious delays in business matters. Eight. Bad news.
Foster Release date: January 3, 2017 [eBook #53881] Most recently updated: October 23, 2024 Language: English Credits: Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOSTER S COMPLETE HOYLE: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GAMES *** Transcriber’s Note: In this text version, the illustrations from the original book (which may be found in the HTML version) have been reproduced where possible, using the Unicode characters for playing cards, dice, draughts etc. For best experience you should ensure that you have a font installed which supports these characters. FOSTER’S COMPLETE HOYLE AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GAMES Revised and Enlarged to October, 1914 INCLUDING ALL INDOOR GAMES PLAYED TO-DAY. WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR GOOD PLAY, ILLUSTRATIVE HANDS AND ALL OFFICIAL LAWS TO DATE BY R.F. FOSTER _Author of “Royal Auction Bridge with Nullos,” “Cooncan,” and many other books on card games_ ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS AND ENGRAVINGS NEW YORK FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PUBLISHERS Copyright, 1914, by FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY Copyright, 1909, by FREDERICK A.
If the Pawn advances, he will get in front of it, and if the King is afterward advanced, he will get in front of it; winning the Pawn or securing a stale-mate. _=THE KNIGHT’S TOUR.=_ Owing to the peculiarity of the Knight’s move, many persons have amused themselves in trying to cover the entire chess board with a Knight, touching the same square once only, and returning to the starting-point again. There are several ways of doing this, one of the simplest being the following:-- [Illustration: +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |14|29|34|55|12|27|24|49| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |35|56|13|28|33|50|11|26| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |30|15|54|51|58|25|48|23| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |41|36|57|32|61|52|63|10| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |16|31|40|53|64|59|22|47| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |37|42| 1|60|19|62| 9| 6| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | 2|17|44|39| 4| 7|46|21| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |43|38| 3|18|45|20| 5| 8| +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ ] _=TEXT BOOKS.=_ Among the very large number of works on Chess there is abundant room for choice, but the following works are considered standard authorities on the game:-- Freeborough’s Chess Openings, 1896. Cook’s Synopsis. Minor Tactics of Chess, by Young and Howell. Modern Chess Instructor, by W. Steinitz. Common Sense in Chess, by E.
_=11.=_ After the pieces have been arranged, if the person whose turn it is to play _=touch=_ one, he must either play it or forfeit the game. When the piece is not playable, he forfeits according to the preceding law. _=12.=_ If _=any part=_ of a playable piece is moved over an angle of the square on which it is stationed, the move must be completed in _=that=_ direction. _=13.=_ A capturing play, as well as an ordinary one, is completed whenever the hand has been withdrawn from the piece played, although one or more pieces should have been taken. _=14.=_ The Huff or Blow is to remove from the board, before one plays his own piece, any one of the adverse pieces that might or ought to have taken but the Huff or Blow never constitutes a play. _=15.
Mathews’, or Matthews’, “Advice to the Young Whist-Player,” went through eighteen editions between 1804 and 1828. After these writers came Admiral Burney, who published his “Treatise” in 1821; Major A. [Charles Barwell Coles,] gave us his “Short Whist” in 1835. Deschapelles published his “Traité du Whiste” in 1839, but it gave little but discussions on the laws. “Whist, its History and Practice” by Amateur, appeared in 1843. General de Vautré’s “Génie du Whiste,” in 1847. “Cælebs” [Edward Augustus Carlyon] wrote his “Laws and Practice” in 1851. Then in rapid succession came “Cavendish” in 1863, James Clay in 1864, Pole and “Cam” in 1865. Campbell-Walker’s “Correct Card” in 1876; Drayson’s “Art of Practical Whist,” with its new theories of trumps; Fisher Ames, “Modern Whist,” in 1879; “Whist, or Bumblepuppy?” by “Pembridge” [John Petch Hewby], in 1880; G.W.
From the first, go on with the Jack, which is just as good as the Ace, but tells your partner you have not only the Ace but the Queen, still in your hand. From the second, go on with the Queen, the card your partner does not know, which tells him you still have the Ace, _=but not the Jack=_. If you have not the Queen, you will have to go on with the Ace, and your leading the Ace _=will deny the Queen=_. If you have not the best, lead one of the second and third-best, if you hold both:-- [Illustration: 🃞 🃝 🃛 🃚 | 🂾 🂽 🂻 🂲 ] From the first of these, having led the King, if it wins, go on with the ten, whether you have any smaller cards or not. From the second, if the King wins, go on with the Jack, which denies the ten, but tells your partner you still have the Queen. No mistake is more common among beginners than leading a low card on the second round, on the assumption that the partner must have the Ace. If you have led from King and Queen only, you must go on with the fourth-best; because you have not both the second and third-best. This fourth-best is the card that was the fourth-best originally. Having led the King from this:-- [Illustration: 🃎 🃍 🃈 🃆 🃅 🃃 ] the card to follow the King is the six, if the King wins the first trick. _=The Fourth-best.
If more than four assemble, they cut for preference, the four highest playing the first game. Partners and deal are then cut for, the two lowest pairing against the two highest. Partners sit opposite each other. The highest deals, and has the choice of seats and cards. The Ace is high, both in cutting and in play. A player exposing more than one card must cut again. _=Ties.=_ If the first cut does not decide, the players cutting equal cards cut again; but the new cut decides nothing but the tie. _=Cutting Out.=_ At the end of the game, the players cut to decide which shall give way to those awaiting their turn to play, the lowest cuts going out.